Die Rolle des Wurmhumus in der Pflanzenwachstumsförderung

 Die Nutzung von Wurmhumus als Wachstumsförderer aufgrund seines außergewöhnlichen Nährstoffstatus und seiner mikrobiellen Aktivität ist in vielen Studien belegt:

1. Edwards CA, Burrows I (1988) The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media. In: Edwards CA, Neuhauser E (eds) Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management, SPB Academic Press, The Hague. pp 21-32
2. Wilson DP, Carlile WR (1989) Plant growth in potting media containing worm-worked duck waste. Acta Hortic 238:205-220
3. Buckerfield JC, Webster KA (1998) Worm-worked waste boosts grape yields: prospects for vermicompost use in vineyards. Australian and New Zealand Wine Industry Journal 13:73-76
4. Edwards CA (1998) The use of earthworms in the breakdown and management of organic wastes. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm Ecology, CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 327-354
5. Subler S, Edwards CA, Metzger PJ (1998) Comparing vermicomposts and composts. Biocycle 39:63-66

Verbesserte Keimung, Wachstum, Blüten- und Fruchtbildung bei Gewächshaus-Gemüse und Zierpflanzen:

1. Atiyeh RM, Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Metzger JD (2000) Influence of earthworm- processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house tomatoes. Bioresour Technol 75:175-180
2. Atiyeh RM, Subler S, Edwards CA, Bachman G, Metzger JD, Shuster W (2000) Effects of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticulture container media and soil. Pedobiologia 44:579-590
3. Atiyeh RM, Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Metzger JD (2000) Influence of earthworm- processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house tomatoes. Bioresour Technol 75:175-180

Wurmhumus verbessert Keimung, Wachstum und Blütenbildung bei Ringelblumen:

1. Atiyeh RM, Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Metzger JD (2001) The influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and productivity of marigolds. Bioresour Technol 81:103-108

Verbesserte Ergebnisse durch Anwendung von Wurmhumus bei Paprika und Tomaten im Freilandbau und Erdbeeren im Gewächshaus:

1. Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Metzger JD, Lee S, Welch C (2003) Effects of vermicomposts to tomatoes and peppers grown in the field and strawberries under high plastic tunnels. Pedobiologia 47:731-735

Wachstum und Ertragssteigerung durch Anwendung von Wurmhumus bei Erdbeeren:

1. Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Welch C, Metzger JD (2004) The influence of vermicompost applications to strawberries: Part 1. Effects on growth and yield. Bioresour Technol 93:145-153

Verbessertes Wachstum und Blütenbildung durch Anwendung von Wurmhumus bei Petunien:

1. Chamani E, Joyce DC, Reihanytabar A (2008) Vermicompost Effects on the Growth and Flowering of Petunia hybrida ‘Dream Neon Rose’. American-Eurasian J Agric And Environ Sci 3:506-512

5%tige Zugabe von Wurmhumus führt zu einer signifikanten biologischen Wachstumsförderung bei Freiland- und Gewächshauspflanzen:

1. Edwards CA, Dominguez J, Arancon NQ (2004) The influence of vermicomposts on pest and diseases. In: Shakir Hanna SH, Mikhail WZA (eds) Soil Zoology for Sustainable Development in the 21st centuary, Cairo. pp 397-418

Biologische Faktoren in Wurmhumus spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in der verbesserten Samenkeimung und im Pflanzenwachstum:

1. Edwards CA, Burrows I (1988) The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media. In: Edwards CA, Neuhauser E (eds) Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management, SPB Academic Press, The Hague. pp 21-32
2. Edwards CA (1998) The use of earthworms in the breakdown and management of organic wastes. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm Ecology, CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 327-354

Wurmhumus beinhaltet von Mikroorganismen hergestellte Pflanzenhormone und Pflanzenwachstum regulierende Stoffe, wie Auxine, Gibberelline, Cytokinine, Ethylen, Abscisinsäure und Huminsäuren,  in nennenswerten Mengen:

1. Barea JM, Navarro E, Montana E (1976) Production of plant growth regulators by rhizosphere phosphate solubilizing bacteria. J Appl Bacteriol 40:129-134
2. Arshad M, Frankenberger WT Jr (1993) Microbial production of plant growth regulators. In: Metting FB Jr (ed) Soil Microbial Ecology: Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management, Marcell Dekker, New York. pp 307-347
3. Krishnamoorthy RV, Vajranabhiah SN (1986) Biological activity of earthworm casts: An assessment of plant growth promoter levels in casts. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Anim Sci) 95:341-35
4. Grappelli A, Galli E, Tomati U (1987) Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus fructification. Agrochimica 2:457-462
5. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1988) The hormone-like effect of earthworm casts on plant growth. Biol Fertil Soils 5:288-294
6. Muscolo A, Bovalo F, Gionfriddo F, Nardi S (1999) Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effect on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1303-1311
7. Muscolo A, Bovalo F, Gionfriddo F, Nardi S (1999) Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effect on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1303-1311
8. Masciandaro G, Ceccanti B, Gracia C (1997) Soil agro-ecological management: fertigation and vermicompost treatments. Bioresour Technol 59:199-206
9. Atiyeh RM, Lee S, Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Metzger JD (2002) The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresour Technol 84:7-14

Im Wurmhumus vorhandene Bacillus and Arthrobacter spp produzieren Cytokinine die, die Vitalität der Sämlinge erhöhen:

1. Inbal E, Feldman M (1982) The response of a hormonal mutant of common wheat to bacteria of the Azospirillium. Israel J Bot 31:257-263
2. Jagnow G (1987) Inoculation of cereal crops and forage grasses with nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria: a possible cause of success and failure with regard to yield response - a review. Z Pflanzenernaehr Dueng Bodenkde 150:361-368

Mikrobiell hergestellte Gibberelline im Wurmhumus beeinflussen positiv das Pflanzenwachstum und die Entwicklung:

1. Mahmoud SA, Ramadan Z, Thabet EM, Khater T (1984) Production of plant growth promoting substance rhizosphere organisms. Zentrbl Mikrobiol 139:227-232
2. Arshad M, Frankenberger WT Jr (1993) Microbial production of plant growth regulators. In: Metting FB Jr (ed) Soil Microbial Ecology: Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management, Marcell Dekker, New York. pp 307-347

Im Wurmhumus vorhandene Bakterien Azospirillum Brasilense produzieren Auxine, die positiv auf das Wachstum von Süßgräsern wirken:

1. Barbieri P, Bernardi A, Galli E, Zanetti G (1988) Effects of inoculation with different strains of Azospirillum brasilense on wheat roots development. In: Klingmüller W (ed) Azospirillum IV, Genetics, Physiology, Ecology, SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp 181-188

Im Wurmhumus vorhandene Huminstoffe haben auch eine positive Wirkung auf  das Pflanzenwachstum:

1. Chen Y, Aviad T (1990) Effects of humic substances on plant growth. In: MacCarthy P, Clapp CE, Malcolm RL, Bloom PR (eds) Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences, Selected Reading ASA and SSSA, Madison. pp 161-186

Erhöhung der Trockenmassenerträge von Mais und Hafer-Setzlingen:

1. Lee YS, Bartlett RJ (1976) Stimulation of plant growth by humic substances. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40:876-879
2. Albuzio A, Concheri G, Nardi S, Dell’Agnola G (1994) Effect of humic fractions of different molecular size on the development of oat seedlings grown in varied nutritional conditions. In: Senesi N, Miano TM (eds) Humic substances in the Global Environment and Implications on Human Health, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. pp 199-204

Erhöhung der Anzahl und Länge der Tabakwurzeln:

1. Mylonas VA, Mccants CB (1980) Effects of humic and fulvic acids on growth of tobacco. I. Root initiation and elongation. Plant Soil 54:485-490

 Erhöhen die Trockengewicht der Wurzeln, Triebe und die Anzahl der Knoten von Erdnuss, Sojabohne und Kleegewächse:

1. Tan KH, Tantiwiramanond D (1983) Effect of humic acids on nodulation and dry matter production of soybean, peanut, and clover. Soil Sci Soc Am J 47:1121-1124

Stimulieren wachstum von Zichorienpflanzen:

1. Valdrighi MM, Pera A, Agnolucci M, Frassinetti S, Lunardi D, Vallini G (1996) Effects of compost-derived humic acids on vegetable biomass production and microbial growth within a plant (Cichorium intybus) soil system: a comparative study. Agric Ecosyst Environ 58:133-144

Induzieren Wurzel und Sprossbildung:

Goenadi DH, Sudharama IM (1995) Shoot initiation by humic acids of selected tropical crops grown in tissue culture. Plant Cell Rep 15:59-62

Die Huminsäure und Fulvosäure in der Humus lösen unlöslichen Mineralien in der organischen Substanz und wandeln sie in für pflanzen leicht verfügbare form das hilft Pflanzen Stress zu überwinden und fördert das Pflanzenwachstum:

Sinha RK, Agarwal S, Chauhan K, Valani D (2010) The wonders of earthworms and its vermicompost in farm production: Charles Darwin’s ‘friends of farmers’, with potential to replace destructive chemical fertilizers from agriculture. Agricultural sciences 1:76-94

Biologischen Aktivitäten in wurmhumus vorhandenen Huminstoffe, haben ähnlich wie hormonelle wachstumsfördernde Wirkung:

Dell'Agnola G, Nardi S (1987) Hormone-like effect and enhanced nitrate uptake induced by depolyconder humic fractions obtained from Allolobophora rosea and A. caliginosa faeces. Biol Fertil Soils 4:111-118

Nardi S, Arnoldi G, Dell'Agnola G (1988) Release of hormone-like activities from Alloborophora rosea and Alloborophora caliginosa feces. J Soil Sci 68:563-657

Muscolo A, Felici M, Concheri G, Nardi S (1993) Effect of earthworm humic substances on esterase and peroxidase activity during growth of leaf explants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Biol Fertil Soils 15:127-131

 Die Huminstoffe aus Wurmhumus haben Auxin-ähnliche stimulierende wirkung auf Zellwachstum und Nitratstoffwechsel in Karotten, tomaten erdberen und paprika:

Muscolo A, Panuccio MR, Abenavoli MR, Concheri G, Nardi S (1996) Effect of molecular complexity acidity of earthworm faeces humic fractions on glutamale dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Daucus carota II cells. Biol Fertil Soils 22:83-88

Atiyeh RM, Lee S, Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Metzger JD (2002) The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresour Technol 84:7-14

Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Metzger JD, Lee S, Welch C (2003) Effects of vermicomposts to tomatoes and peppers grown in the field and strawberries under high plastic tunnels. Pedobiologia 47:731-735

Regenwürmer produzieren Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren und erhöhen die mikrobielle Aktivität des Bodens:

1. Gavrilov K (1963) Earthworms, producers of biologically active substances. Zh Obshch Biol 24:149-154
2. Nielson RL (1965) Presence of plant growth substances in earthworms demonstrated by paper chromatography and the Went pea test. Nature 208:1113-1114
3. Graff O, Makeschin F (1980) Beeinlussung des Ertrags von Weidelgrass (Lolium muttiflorum) Ausscheidungen von Regenwurmen dreier verschiedener Arten. Pedobiologia 20:176-180
4. Dell'Agnola G, Nardi S (1987) Hormone-like effect and enhanced nitrate uptake induced by depolyconder humic fractions obtained from Allolobophora rosea and A. caliginosa faeces. Biol Fertil Soils 4:111-118
5. Grappelli A, Galli E, Tomati U (1987) Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus fructification. Agrochimica 2:457-462
6. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1987) The presence of growth regulators in earthworm worked waste. In: Bonvicini Paglioi AM, Omodeo P (eds) On Earthworms. Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthworms, Selected Symposia and Monographs, Union Zoologica Italian, 2, Modena, Mucchi. pp 423-435
7. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1988) The hormone-like effect of earthworm casts on plant growth. Biol Fertil Soils 5:288-294
8. Edwards CA, Burrows I (1988) The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media. In: Edwards CA, Neuhauser E (eds) Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management, SPB Academic Press, The Hague. pp 21-32
9. Nardi S, Arnoldi G, Dell'Agnola G (1988) Release of hormone-like activities from Alloborophora rosea and Alloborophora caliginosa feces. J Soil Sci 68:563-657
10. Edwards CA (1998) The use of earthworms in the breakdown and management of organic wastes. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm Ecology, CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 327-354

Fordernde wirkung von Wurmhumus auf wachstum von Erbsen und  Weidelgras:

1. Nielson RL (1965) Presence of plant growth substances in earthworms demonstrated by paper chromatography and the Went pea test. Nature 208:1113-1114
2. Graff O, Makeschin F (1980) Beeinlussung des Ertrags von Weidelgrass (Lolium muttiflorum) Ausscheidungen von Regenwurmen dreier verschiedener Arten. Pedobiologia 20:176-180

Knöllchenbakterien aus Wurmhumus stimulieren Wurzelknöllchenbildung bei Hülsenfrüchtler:

1. Bernard MD, Peter MS, Christopher WD, Maarten HR (1994) Interactions between earthworms, beneficial soil microorganisms and root pathogens. Appl Soil Ecol 1:3-1

Mikrobielle Stoffwechselprodukte von Wurmhumus haben hormonähnliche Wirkung sie fördern Wurzelbildung, Blütenbildung, Frühreife und Biomasse:

1. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1987) The presence of growth regulators in earthworm worked waste. In: Bonvicini Paglioi AM, Omodeo P (eds) On Earthworms. Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthworms, Selected Symposia and Monographs, Union Zoologica Italian, 2, Modena, Mucchi. pp 423-435
2. Edwards CA (1998) The use of earthworms in the breakdown and management of organic wastes. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm Ecology, CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp 327-354

Wurmhumus als deckschicht stimuliert Wachstum und Fruchtkörperbildung bei Zucht-Champignons:

1. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1987) The presence of growth regulators in earthworm worked waste. In: Bonvicini Paglioi AM, Omodeo P (eds) On Earthworms. Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthworms, Selected Symposia and Monographs, Union Zoologica Italian, 2, Modena, Mucchi. pp 423-435

Wässrige Extrakte von Wurmhumus haben forderdne wirkung auf wachstum vergleichbar mit der Verwendung von Hormonen wie Auxine, Gibberelline und Cytokinine bei Petunie, Begonie und Buntnessel:

1. Grappelli A, Galli E, Tomati U (1987) Earthworm casting effect on Agaricus bisporus fructification. Agrochimica 2:457-46
2. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1987) The presence of growth regulators in earthworm worked waste. In: Bonvicini Paglioi AM, Omodeo P (eds) On Earthworms. Proceedings of International Symposium on Earthworms, Selected Symposia and Monographs, Union Zoologica Italian, 2, Modena, Mucchi. pp 423-435
3. Tomati U, Grapppelli A, Galli E (1988) The hormone-like effect of earthworm casts on plant growth. Biol Fertil Soils 5:288-294

Die Zugabe von Wurmkompost in sehr geringen Mengen in die Wachstumsmedien erhöht drastisch wachstum von  Lawsons Scheinzypresse, Dornige Ölweide, Feuerdorn, Winterschneeball, Zwergmispel, Leyland-Zypresse Zwergmais und Buntnessel:

1. Hahn H, Bopp M (1968) A cytokinin test with high specificity. Planta 83:115-118
2. Sembdner G, Borgman E, Schneider G, Liebisch HW, Miersch O, Adam G, Lischewski M, Schieber K (1976) Biological activity of some conjugated gibberellins. Planta 132:249-257
3. Edwards CA, Dominguez J, Arancon NQ (2004) The influence of vermicomposts on pest and diseases. In: Shakir Hanna SH, Mikhail WZA (eds) Soil Zoology for Sustainable Development in the 21st centuary, Cairo. pp 397-418